Tuesday, June 23, 2015

The Pope, the Apocalypse and the Shroud


On Thursday, June 18, 2015, Pope Francis released to the world his groundbreaking encyclical on climate change Laudato Si. On Sunday, June 21, he prayed before the Shroud of Turin and then standing-up moved forward and tenderly touched the rim of the Shroud's display frame. Both the release of Laudato Si on  June 18 and his travel to Turin had been publicized months in advance. Could they have been related?



"Groundbreaking" understates the importance of Laudato Si. There have been five mass extinctions of species in the history of earth. One of them, the Permian, nearly extinguished all life.

Concerns about climate change have been building for decades. In the first five months of 2014, an avalanche of reports was issued which again highlighted the problems and the dire consequences of inaction. It may already be too late. The reports supported the conclusion of Elizabeth Kolbert and Richard Leakey that the sixth mass extinction was underway and while its furthest extent could not yet be limned, one species in peril is  humanity.

The Pontifical Academy of Science and Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences (PAS/PASS) sponsored a workshop on “Sustainable Humanity, Sustainable Nature” in Rome from May 4-May 6, 2014. Among the 57 participants was Nobel Laureate Paul Crutzen. [i]

Crutzen is a Dutch Chemist who shared the Nobel Prize for his discovering the effects of ozone-depleting compounds.[ii] Crutzen also named the current geological era, the “Anthropocene,” a not necessarily honorable honorific for humanity. Until approximately 200 years ago, humanity was believed to have little impact on the geologic eras but that changed:[iii]

“The Anthropocene could be said to have started in the late eighteenth century, when analyses of air trapped in polar ice showed the beginning of growing global concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane.”[iv]

It its May 6, 2014 final conference statement, the scientists noted among other things:

“Human action which is not respectful of nature becomes a boomerang for human beings that creates inequality and extends what Pope Francis has termed "the globalization of indifference" and the "economy of exclusion" (Evangelii Gaudium), which themselves endanger solidarity with present and future generations.”[v]

After the conference, it was rumored that Francis intended to write an encyclical about climate change and its moral and ethical impact on humanity.[vi] Environmentalists, scientists, public officials, and academics from a variety of institutions awaited its publication.

The Yale Forestry and Divinity schools sponsored a panel discussion on the impact of the anticipated encyclical. It may be viewed on the web.[vii] The participants included not just Christians but a woman who works on environmental issues with Buddhist monks in Nepal. All were enthusiastically awaiting not just the encyclical but also the pope's follow-up addresses to the US Congress and the United Nations. The Pope's ultimate goal was clearly to influence the UN Conference on climate change scheduled for Paris in December. That conference may be humanity's last clear chance to avoid total climate disaster.

On June 18th, the Vatican published Laudato Si. Yet there is a word missing from Laudato Si, a word which better than any expresses an ancient and persistent fear of humanity that applies to the projected results of the climate change engendered by the sixth mass extinction: Apocalypse. Understandably, Pope Francis shunned the  use of apocalyptic reference. Francis avoids criticism that he is a hysterical alarmist.

However, the unfortunate fact is that we are starting down the path that may lead to an apocalyptic extinction of the humanity. In fact, the early stages of the sixth mass extinction of life exhibits signs that it may be the last. Forces are being unleashed that may make the Earth inhospitable to any conscious life and perhaps any life at all.

On January 17, 2015, the New York Times published an Op-Ed by astrophysicist Adam Frank who believes that mass extinctions of life are a natural result of the evolution of conscious life forms that as they develop abuse the environment as a matter of course. The nearly inevitable result is the extinction of all life. It's a scenario that he hypothesizes has been repeated millions of time on planets throughout the Universe.

Listen! Can you hear the hoof beats? The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse are riding. They are just over the horizon.

In  Evangelii Gaudium, Francis excoriated the selfishness of those whose claim faith in blind market forces that they manipulate for their own selfish interests. In Laudato Si, he doesn't completely connect the dots. Nonetheless, the Apocalypse we face is an Apocalypse of Selfishness.

Perhaps it is no accident that Francis' trip to Turin and planned visit to the Shroud followed so closely the publication of Laudato Si. Given the ferocious criticism he received and no doubt anticipated from reactionary forces in the Church and elsewhere, he needed a moment with the Shroud. I can only suspect that as he prayed, he was offering-up of Laudato Si to the God made man to whom he has dedicated his life. If so, I pray that his prayer was answered:

"Well done, good and faithful servant."

Mathew 25:21
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[ii] Elizabeth Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History (Henry Holt, New York, 2014)
[iii] Paul Crutzen, Nature 415, 3 January 2002. (cited hereafter as “Crutzen)
[iv] Crutzen, supra.
[v] Statement of the Joint PAS/PASS Workshop on Sustainable Humanity, Sustainable Nature, May 6, 2014 (http://www.pass.va/content/scienzesociali/en/events/2014-18/sustainable/statement.html)

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